8. Avoiding and Hiding

Avoiding and hiding are two similar terms with slightly different meanings. Avoiding means getting away from, and hiding means concealing from sight. Avoiding is more an action or movement and hiding, or being invisible, is more the motive or desired outcome. They are used together to describe this pattern.

The formation and development of this pattern is extremely complex. All of the common factors we have previously discussed are involved.

In psychology, Avoidant Personality Disorder has been a subject of research; it is treated as a psychological and mental disorder. The causes are believed to be a combination of social, genetic and psychological factors. Research shows that it may have a link to the way a child is brought up before self-identity is well-established, for example, physical or mental abuse, including from peers, teachers or caretakers such as parents.

Other related factors include socio-economic status and parental influence, especially lack of parental love and care. In adulthood, certain experiences such as being rejected by others, including members of the opposite sex, can also lead to this type of problem. Some research finds that parental abuse such as ridiculing or insulting can cause a child to internalize the humiliation and develop a negative view of self. The child will tend to believe that he is unworthy of attention and not believe that he will get others’ love.

The above is a brief overview of the Avoidant Personality Disorder.

The pattern of avoiding and hiding we are discussing in this chapter is obviously not necessarily a personality disorder; rather, it is more a pattern of the consciousness.

Avoiding and hiding are not just human behaviours; animals and plants have amazing abilities to avoid and hide for their safety. We can say this is the natural ability of all life forms. This mechanism also plays an important part in the survival and continuation of the human species.

However, if the natural ability to avoid and hide becomes a pattern, it can influence our thoughts and behaviour and lead to various negative effects in life. How is this pattern formed? Let’s look at some of the factors in this complex process.

Social factors are the main players. We humans are social beings, forming all kinds of relationships with others. From this perspective, we can say relationships play a crucial role in determining both the process of growth and the outcome.

For example, when a relationship with someone is no longer nourishing and healthy, but instead is making one feel uncomfortable or even pressured, the tendency will be to avoid. This is the act of the instinct of ‘seek benefit (interest) and avoid harm’. It is just the same as the behaviour of ‘eating fruit when it is ripe, throwing it away when it is rotten’.

Take an infant as an example. When an infant expresses its need and the need is fulfilled, it will want more of that relationship. If its need is ignored, it will doubt the relationship. If the need is negated or rejected, it will avoid the relationship. If a demand is put on the infant, it will reinforce the desire to avoid. In the process of growing, a child is constantly perceiving and learning how well he or she is accepted, approved of and cared for; how much freedom he has and whether he can be himself and whether the environment is nourishing. All these can affect how a child perceives a relationship. To an infant, when not crying feels safer than crying, gradually it will learn to refrain from crying. When a child needs answers but doesn’t get them, the child will avoid interacting because he cannot experience benefit from the relationship.

Some other things parents do could also jeopardize their relationship with their children. For example, parents may neglect the child and his needs by failing to see the child’s upset or fear; or if the child is feeling wronged, disciplining him by telling him to behave or to be polite. Or, when a child feels anxious or helpless, his parents blame him for being lazy, stupid or naughty, instead of offering constructive help. Or, a parent repeatedly tells the child what he should do or how he should be, in a way that shows little approval and affirmation and makes the child feel very sad, upset or uncomfortable. These ways of relating to a child will cause the child to develop a lot of fears around relationship. In order to survive, he can only choose to live in tension, pressure and anxiety and be extremely cautious in relationship. After a period of time, the feeling of discomfort, pressure and restriction can start to feel ‘normal’; the child becomes used to being in such a state. To that child, a relationship becomes a burden or a symbol of burden.

When a child has grown up in such an environment, pressure and anxiety are likely to show up in his relationships, especially when things are not going smoothly. Deep in the person’s consciousness, impressions and correlations are formed: relationship=demand; relationship=judgment; relationship=pressure. These correlations can reappear or be recalled in relationships later in life. Whenever there is a hint or sign of demand or criticism, pressure can be felt. Eventually the person comes to the conclusion that it is much more comfortable to just be alone, because it is pressure-free.

It is not hard to imagine how it would feel when a person is with someone else or other people, and constantly feels the need to be seen as ‘good’ and therefore compelled to hide anything that could be seen as ‘not good’. She has to be very careful with what she says and does and is often afraid of receiving criticism or disapproval. She always wonders what other people are thinking of her. Often she would rather do things that she doesn’t like in order to take care of others’ needs or please others and she always tries her best to not ‘trouble’ other people. These situations show that the pattern of avoiding and hiding has started to form. If the situation doesn’t improve, the pattern soon becomes established.

If a person feels or believes she is in a safe environment, she will be willing or feel comfortable opening. If not, she may choose to avoid and hide. The perception of the environment may not reflect the truth; rather, it is mainly her subjective feeling due to beliefs and patterns.

In adulthood, this pattern can continue to develop. Personal factors related to the heart such as lack of trust and being closed, and the over-development of the instinct of ‘seek benefit (interest) and avoid harm; seek simplicity (easy solution) and avoid complexity (extra work)’ can be involved.

The pattern of avoiding and hiding refers to the mindset or behaviour of selectively escaping or bypassing people or situations in order to not face or deal with them. This pattern can manifest in many different forms on the consciousness and behavioural levels. For the convenience of discussion, manifestations are divided into two categories: the overt form and the covert form. The overt pattern and covert pattern actually do not have any direct link to each other. A person with the overt pattern does not necessarily have the covert pattern, and vice versa. Let's look at these two categories in detail.

1) Overt Form of the Pattern of Avoiding and Hiding

The overt pattern mainly manifests as withdrawal, low self-esteem, avoiding challenges due to the inability to face them. There is a strong desire to be recognized and accepted and at the same time a fear of making mistakes and being blamed, causing internal conflict that is hard to resolve. There is a strong reluctance to make contact with people due to the fear of embarrassing oneself in front them. People with this pattern often choose to do work that can be done independently to reduce the chance of encountering others. They are eager or even fantasize about having a loving relationship in which they are fully loved and accepted. However, because they don’t feel they are worthy or deserving of such a relationship, they usually don’t actively pursue one. They will only build a relationship when they are certain that they won’t be rejected. They also have a strong tendency to focus mostly on their shortcomings and degrade themselves.

Some related characteristics as follows:

a. Easily feeling nervous and worried; easily feeling hurt by others’ criticism or

disagreement.

b. Strong belief that one is socially clumsy and unattractive or inferior. Towards unfamiliar things, even if they are just ordinary things, one tends to magnify the potential difficulty, danger or risk.

c. Being overly worried about being blamed or rejected. Being overly sensitive or

shy. Being afraid of revealing one’s embarrassment.

d. Unless absolutely certain, hesitating to make the first move to interact with

others.

e. In order to ensure a sense of ‘comfort’ and ‘safety’, imposing all kinds of

restrictions on everyday living.

f. Avoiding social or professional activities that involve frequent or intense

contact with people due to a fear of criticism or rejection.

g. Apart from family members and a very small number (one or two) of friends,

has very few close relationships.

Apart from the general factors mentioned earlier, there are some specific factors involved in the formation of the overt pattern. For example:

Low self-esteem caused by things such as being seen as ‘incompetent’ or ‘under- achieving’ in childhood and disadvantages in physical appearance, intelligence, memory, personality, causing self-debasement and believing oneself to be inferior to others.

If discomfort far outweighs comfort, he will eventually ask himself, ‘Why do I bother to interact or socialize with people?’ At this time, if he forces himself to interact, he may feel even more frustrated and depressed, which will further reinforce his negative view of himself and further harm his self-esteem.

When social experience is not nourishing for life, but rather is a source of pressure and discomfort, or arouses a feeling of being unsafe, in order to keep safe and not be disliked, avoiding and hiding might seem to be the best option. We all have the instinct to ‘seek benefit (interest) and avoid harm; seek simplicity (easy solution) and avoid complexity (extra work)’. This instinct will be activated automatically.

2) Covert Form of the Pattern of Avoiding and Hiding

The covert form of the pattern refers to avoiding or hiding things we dislike, disapprove of, or even hate according to our value and moral judgments. These things include the activities of consciousness and the things we have done or do. Despite being aware of them, for various reasons we do not have the courage or the will to face them or deal with them; we can only avoid or ignore them. They can therefore remain hidden, sometimes for a long time. When reason is at work, we are able to exert control and keep those things well hidden. However, when reason is lost, they reveal their true face. Furthermore, when activities (including activities of the consciousness) go against our moral and value systems, dissonance can arise. This could prompt us to wear a mask, hiding what we deem as unacceptable. A person like this can become two-faced or even multi-faced.

The covert form of the pattern causes a person to be unable to face deep-rooted problems and to truly make change to life. This pattern will also make it difficult for a person to truly be him- or herself. It is therefore not beneficial for health and growth. Sincere and honest communication on the heart level can be difficult too, as can feeling any real connection. Working together with other people and building mutually beneficial and enhancing relationships can also pose a challenge.

Some related characteristics:

1) Covert patterns mainly mask things about ourselves that we don’t want to recall or face. They can be thoughts, ideas or views we are not proud of and behaviour we do not approve of. A covert pattern will often mask other unhealthy patterns, which probably constitute the most significant portion of the content.

2) A person, at some level, is aware of his problems and dislikes or disapproves of them. While he does not dare to face them or deal with them, he does not want to be controlled by them either. When with others, he is prompted to do his best to behave according to his ideal image of himself. However, this could result in having two people living in the same body, one he dislikes and one he wants to be.

3) He will do all he can to prevent other people from touching the part that he can’t face. When other people do touch that ‘special place’, he will adopt mechanisms such as denying, resisting or fighting in order to avoid facing it. There is also fear and worry that, with the hidden part revealed, his image, worth and ‘dignity’ could be diminished. This is why he will do all he can to defend his ‘dignity’.

4) Although he might have made some initial effort to face and change these problems at some point, his efforts didn’t succeed and he eventually gave up. Deep down he does not have the courage or desire to touch the hidden part. Possible reasons include not wanting to negate his worth, not knowing what will happen if he does, fearing that he will not be able to keep things under control, or being unsure about the impact on his identity.

5) He may hope that as long as he can exert enough self-control and reason and be seen as ‘normal’ in social life, the ‘special part’ will just disappear. He also hopes that even if it doesn’t, it will not cause too much harm.

Although the pattern of avoiding and hiding can cause significant harm to life, this pattern is not all negative. For example, with the overt form, which means a person may suffer from low self-esteem, one could very well be more modest, more understanding, less competitive, less aggressive, more approachable, good at thinking, more thorough and thoughtful, more trustworthy. We are not saying that low self-esteem should be encouraged; rather, we wish to exemplify that even a person who suffers from low self-esteem can also have many strengths and positive qualities. One should not feel hopeless. Knowing one’s own strengths and positive qualities is important for building self-confidence, which helps lay the foundation for accepting oneself and restoring self-esteem.

In the case of the covert form, the fact that a person is motivated and willing to make the effort to do well or to be seen that way, says that he aspires to be a better person and is willing to take the initiative to keep the hidden things from taking hold. Even though this does not change them substantially, at least life can be maintained at a reasonably balanced level.

The negative effects of the covert and overt forms are also different.

Overt form:

This pattern can inhibit the full manifestation of one’s social functioning and potential. It can restrict one’s relationship with oneself and with others. It will also affect the healthy manifestation of many abilities, including creativity. All this can, in turn, have a negative influence on health, quality of life and work life.

Covert form

When one’s own actions and thoughts are not keeping up with one’s moral values, internal conflict can arise. This may cause one to feel split, as though there were two different people living together. It can make it difficult to completely be oneself in a true way, when wearing a mask to prevent the hidden part from showing. This can also cause deep-seated uneasiness, anxiety, self-disapproval, guilt or self-blame. This pattern can eventually cause loss of inner calm and peace and sense of freedom and create an obstacle to gaining realization and wisdom. It can therefore seriously affect the overall development of life.

Not facing and dealing with problems both fails to make them disappear and also allows them to continue to develop and worsen. The negative effects these problems create will only get worse and worse, too. Even when one is able to maintain balance on the surface, it is a low-level balance. This false balance can be tipped easily. Besides, it can seriously undermine one’s motivation to keep changing life. The opportunity to uplift life can thus be seriously compromised.

The following can be used to help deal with the overt form:

1) Develop a fair and balanced view of yourself. Raise your self-image. The issue of low self-esteem is mainly caused by a failure to see and treat oneself fairly and soundly. Therefore, to tackle the problem of low self-esteem, it is necessary to start by changing the way you see yourself. Learn to discover your own strengths and positive qualities and acknowledge your achievements and progress, even when very small. Learn to see other people objectively and recognize that every person has weaknesses and shortcomings. Avoid thinking that other people are perfect and seeing nothing good about yourself. Elevating your self-image is the key to building confidence and self-esteem.

2) Yuan Gong practice is especially important for this pattern. When Qi is in a better condition (more Qi and better flow) and can nourish Shen better, Shen will be better at being the master of life. It will be clearer and more stable. Your ability to be in control and adjust your thoughts and state will be improved. Yuan Gong practice can also cultivate the unification of Jing, Qi and Shen and the relaxed, calm, natural and joyful state, which provides the opportunity to feel positive and feel comfortable being yourself and being with yourself. Furthermore, Yuan Gong practice can cultivate the ability to focus on yourself instead of on the external, which lays the foundation for changing this pattern.

3) Put your attention on yourself, rather than the external or other people. No matter what you do, constantly keep the connection with yourself, the more the better. The goal of this internal focus is to maintain a relaxed, calm, natural and joyful state. Make this goal a high priority of life. When interacting with other people, it is even more important to do so. Whatever you do, your focus is not about whether someone else is happy or not; rather, it is whether you are happy or not. Shift your goal from ‘pleasing others’ to ‘pleasing yourself’.

4) Cultivate Five Xin, especially trust and openness. Start with the people and environment you are already familiar with. Trust that they do not have the intention, motivation or reason to harm you. Trust that they are willing to have a healthy relationship with you and will enjoy it, too. When you have made good progress with the people and environment you are familiar with, you can try to expand your trust and openness to people and situations you are less familiar with.

5) Cultivate more trust and openness towards yourself. See every interaction with other people as an opportunity to learn and practise and never stop giving yourself this opportunity. Although it may take some time to change this pattern, every bit of progress deserves your own acknowledgement. Trust your ability to adjust yourself because you have demonstrated this ability. Trust that through continual adjustments, you will make progress.

6) Be aware of your internal dialogue with yourself. Do you doubt yourself and tell yourself ‘No, I can’t’ or do you tell yourself ‘Yes, I can’? So what if you haven’t achieved what you would like this time? Commend yourself for your courage to try. Tell yourself that doing your best is already gaining full marks. Learn not to anticipate ‘failure’. Sometimes, you have to just go ahead like nothing else matters in the whole world, without worrying about the result. In fact, very often things do turn out to be much easier and less scary than we thought. Once the first step is made and the initial fear is overcome, the experience can be very positive and rewarding. Confidence can be built bit by bit this way.

7) When progress slows down, identify the underlying causes and the patterns and deal with them. This can help make the breakthrough you need to continue to move forward.

Connecting with other people is a wonderful experience. Joy will double and sadness will be halved when you share them with others. Through sharing, loneliness can disappear and help can be available when needed. It is extremely nourishing to be accepted, supported, embraced, cared about and seen! Yes, relationships can be extremely nourishing! Even if it does not seem that way yet, you need to believe that things can change. When you have this belief, your perception and reality will start to change immediately. You will see that many people are ready to accept you and recognize you without expecting anything in return.

Changing the Covert Form

1) First of all, learn to fully accept yourself. Accept everything about yourself, good and ‘bad’. No matter whether looking at your experience, your action/behaviour, your thoughts/ideas/views or your patterns, accept them all. Help the ‘bad’ parts with your open and loving heart by looking at them, accepting them and inviting them to be a ‘formal’ part of your life. Feel any discomfort you experience in this process, for example, uneasiness, embarrassment, shame, anxiety, fear, sorrow, guilt, self-blame, regret. Face these feelings and dissolve them one by one with Five Xin until they are completely cleared. This is the first step for relieving your Xin Ling from internal conflict. Since there is no need to avoid or hide anything, you can enjoy more freedom. From there you can deal with the ‘bad’ parts and gradually transform them. When this transformation is successful, you will enjoy even more freedom and life can truly move forward.

2) Maintain a high level of self-awareness and watch out for signs of avoiding and hiding. Very often it is when we feel uncomfortable that we have the urge to avoid and we try to divert the focus or mask the problem through all kinds of tactics. If you catch yourself doing this, the first thing is to calm down and tell yourself that there is no need to avoid and hide and that facing problems is not a scary thing. Being honest with your problems is being honest with yourself, and this is the best way to build self-respect and win others’ respect. The motivation of hiding and avoiding is so others don’t see you in a negative light and lose trust and respect for you. However, it does just the opposite.

3) Use humor to replace avoiding and hiding. To laugh at your shortcomings is a good way to face things you don’t like. In fact, it is not necessary to take your weaknesses or shortcomings so seriously, as though your image or reputation would be completely destroyed if they are exposed. The truth is no one is perfect; everyone has shortcomings and problems and it is completely normal. Use humor to expose them and laugh them away – there is no need to hide.